Burger is one of the citing commissioners and Terblanche is a member of the judicial panel.
World Rugby has assembled a vastly experienced team for the showcase event in Japan, with former Rugby World Cup participants among judicial panel selections. They have also enhanced the disciplinary process launched after RWC 2015 to further alignment and consistency.
A citing commissioner from a neutral country will be appointed for each of the 48 matches in the tournament. The citing commissioner will review the match live and will have access to all the available angles and Hawk-Eye multi-camera feeds. The citing window will operate until 36 hours after the conclusion of the match.
Teams may refer incidents of alleged foul play to the citing commissioner for review within 12 hours of the conclusion of the match, but only the citing commissioner has the power to cite a player.
Disciplinary hearings will be convened within 48 hours of the match in order not to adversely impact on team preparation and decisions published immediately on conclusion.
Reflecting the international federation’s commitment to alignment between the on-field and off-field sanctioning process, the team has been selected on merit following a full review of recent international, cross-border and domestic performances and includes significant experience.
Japan 2019 is the first Rugby World Cup to feature the enhanced disciplinary process, launched after a full review of England 2015 and designed to achieve alignment with the match officials and a stronger emphasis on ‘rugby empathetic’ outcomes:
- Three-person judicial committees comprising of an experienced judicial chair and two panel members from a panel of former international coaches, players and referees
- Revised sanctions table launched in 2017 and game-wide education of disciplinary personnel to drive consistency across multiple jurisdictions
- One-team ethos between citing, judicial and match official environments
- Regular calibration sessions with citing commissioners, judicial personnel and match officials to achieve alignment on game-trends, law application emphasis and consistency The panel of eight citing commissioners is brimming with international experience and includes five members with previous Rugby World Cup experience, while the judicial panel members selection features former Scotland coach Frank Hadden, South Africa star Stefan Terblanche, England’s Leon Lloyd and referee of 19 tests, Ireland’s Donal Courtney. Citing Commissioners: James Absaloms (Kenya)*, Freek Burger (South Africa)*, Shaun Gallagher (England), John Montgomery (Scotland), Scott Nowland (Australia)*, Michael O’Leary (New Zealand)*, David Pelton (USA) and Murray Whyte (Ireland)* Judicial chairs: Adam Casselden SC (Australia)*, Jean-Noël Couraud (France)*, Sir James Dingemans (England)*, Mike Hamlin (England), Nigel Hampton QC (New Zealand), Alan Hudson (Canada)*, Roger Morris (Wales)*, Shao-Ing Wang (Singapore) and Pamela Woodman (Scotland) * Denotes previous Rugby World Cup experience Judicial panel members: Donal Courtney (Ireland, former international referee), David Croft (Australia, played at Rugby World Cup 2003), Frank Hadden (Scotland, head coach at Rugby World Cup 2007), Olly Kohn (former Wales international), John Langford (former Australia international), Leon Lloyd (former England international), José Luis Rolandi (Argentina, former international referee), Stefan Terblanche (South Africa, played at Rugby World Cup 1999 and 2003) and Valeriu Toma (Romania, former international assistant referee) World Rugby Chairman Sir Bill Beaumont said: “Rugby World Cup is the pinnacle men’s 15s tournament and, as with the players and match officials, the disciplinary team has been selected on merit and with clear, consistent and accurate decision-making as the central consideration. “This is an extremely talented and experienced group, who will work closely with the match official team during the tournament to ensure alignment," said Mr Beaumont. "The selection of former international players, referees and coaches to the disciplinary process over the last few years has been significant in ensuring rugby empathy in cases and it is great to have people with considerable test experience, not just on the field, but as valued members of our disciplinary team."
- Revised sanctions table launched in 2017 and game-wide education of disciplinary personnel to drive consistency across multiple jurisdictions
- One-team ethos between citing, judicial and match official environments
- Regular calibration sessions with citing commissioners, judicial personnel and match officials to achieve alignment on game-trends, law application emphasis and consistency The panel of eight citing commissioners is brimming with international experience and includes five members with previous Rugby World Cup experience, while the judicial panel members selection features former Scotland coach Frank Hadden, South Africa star Stefan Terblanche, England’s Leon Lloyd and referee of 19 tests, Ireland’s Donal Courtney. Citing Commissioners: James Absaloms (Kenya)*, Freek Burger (South Africa)*, Shaun Gallagher (England), John Montgomery (Scotland), Scott Nowland (Australia)*, Michael O’Leary (New Zealand)*, David Pelton (USA) and Murray Whyte (Ireland)* Judicial chairs: Adam Casselden SC (Australia)*, Jean-Noël Couraud (France)*, Sir James Dingemans (England)*, Mike Hamlin (England), Nigel Hampton QC (New Zealand), Alan Hudson (Canada)*, Roger Morris (Wales)*, Shao-Ing Wang (Singapore) and Pamela Woodman (Scotland) * Denotes previous Rugby World Cup experience Judicial panel members: Donal Courtney (Ireland, former international referee), David Croft (Australia, played at Rugby World Cup 2003), Frank Hadden (Scotland, head coach at Rugby World Cup 2007), Olly Kohn (former Wales international), John Langford (former Australia international), Leon Lloyd (former England international), José Luis Rolandi (Argentina, former international referee), Stefan Terblanche (South Africa, played at Rugby World Cup 1999 and 2003) and Valeriu Toma (Romania, former international assistant referee) World Rugby Chairman Sir Bill Beaumont said: “Rugby World Cup is the pinnacle men’s 15s tournament and, as with the players and match officials, the disciplinary team has been selected on merit and with clear, consistent and accurate decision-making as the central consideration. “This is an extremely talented and experienced group, who will work closely with the match official team during the tournament to ensure alignment," said Mr Beaumont. "The selection of former international players, referees and coaches to the disciplinary process over the last few years has been significant in ensuring rugby empathy in cases and it is great to have people with considerable test experience, not just on the field, but as valued members of our disciplinary team."
